Neighborhood-Level Poverty at Menarche and Prepregnancy Obesity in African-American Women.

Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow,Dayna A Johnson,Rosalind M Peters,Lawrence F Bielak,Charlotte Burmeister

doi:10.1155/2016/4769121

Abstract

Introduction. Menarche is a critical time point in a woman's reproductive system development; exposures at menarche may influence maternal health. Living in a poorer neighborhood is associated with adult obesity; however, little is known if neighborhood factors at menarche are associated with prepregnancy obesity. Methods. We examined the association of neighborhood-level poverty at menarche with prepregnancy body mass index category in 144 pregnant African-American women. Address at menarche was geocoded to census tract (closest to year of menarche); neighborhood-level poverty was defined as the proportion of residents living under the federal poverty level. Cumulative logistic regression was used to examine the association of neighborhood-level poverty at menarche, in quartiles, with categorical prepregnancy BMI. Results. Before pregnancy, 59 (41%) women were obese. Compared to women in the lowest neighborhood-level poverty quartile, women in the highest quartile had 2.9 [1.2, 6.9] times higher odds of prepregnancy obesity; this was slightly attenuated after adjusting for age, marital status, education, and parity (odds ratio: 2.3 [0.9, 6.3]). Conclusions. Living in a higher poverty neighborhood at menarche is associated with prepregnancy obesity in African-American women. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of exposures in menarche on health in pregnancy.

Highlights

Menarche is a critical time point in a woman’s reproductive system development; exposures at menarche may influence maternal health
Prepregnancy obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30, overweight as BMI ≥ 25 and 18.5 and
We provide first-time, observational evidence suggesting that living in a higher poverty neighborhood at the time of menarche is associated with greater prepregnancy obesity risk in African-American women

Summary

Introduction

Menarche is a critical time point in a woman’s reproductive system development; exposures at menarche may influence maternal health. We examined the association of neighborhood-level poverty at menarche with prepregnancy body mass index category in 144 pregnant African-American women. Living in a higher poverty neighborhood at menarche is associated with prepregnancy obesity in African-American women. There is growing interest in intervening on weight during the preconception phase to improve perinatal outcomes [5] Intervening earlier, such as during puberty, may have a greater impact on preventing or reducing the burden of obesity in pregnancy as child and adolescent obesity is strongly associated with adulthood obesity [6]. Menarche is a critical time point in a woman’s sexual development, reflecting significant biological changes and signaling the transition to the reproductive phase [9]. Age at menarche may be a proxy for sexual maturation reflecting the influence of other factors, such as social and economic conditions, that affect biological maturity [12]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion