Abstract
We examined whether the association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) with the cost of dental care and dental care outcomes differs between adolescents and young adults. A total of 2915 patient records were split into two groups: adolescents (15 to 17 years of age) and young adults (18 to 24 years of age). Three dental care outcomes—routine oral evaluation (OEV-CH-A), utilization of preventive services (PRV-CH-A), and dental treatment services (TRT-CH-A)—were determined according to the Dental Quality Alliance (DQA) criteria. Associations of neighborhood SES and other sociodemographic variables with dental care outcomes and the cost of dental care were assessed using binary logistic and univariate linear regression models, respectively. Young adults had significantly lower PRV-CH-A and higher TRT-CH-A scores when compared to adolescents. We observed a significant negative association between TRT-CH-A and median household income in both adolescents and young adults. Utilization of dental treatment services was positively associated with the cost of care in both age groups, whereas utilization of preventive services was inversely associated with the cost of care in young adults, but not in adolescents. Neighborhood-level income was inversely associated with increased TRT-CH-A in both young adults and adolescents. In summary, young adults showed significantly worse preventive and treatment outcomes when compared to adolescents. Moreover, individuals from neighborhoods with a lower household income showed a significantly higher cost of dental care, yet worse treatment outcomes.
Highlights
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is marked by several changes that could impact the health and well-being of individuals [1]
The present study examined whether the association of neighborhoodlevel socioeconomic status (SES) with the cost of dental care and dental care outcomes differs between adolescents and young adults
This research was approved by the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (HSREB) at the University of Western Ontario (2020-115567-37532) and the use of secondary data was conducted within the principles and guidelines of the Canadian Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans [22]
Summary
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is marked by several changes that could impact the health and well-being of individuals [1]. In addition to being influenced by genetics and health behaviors, several social and economic changes that occur as one transitions from adolescence to adulthood can impact oral health [5,6]. In Ontario, children under the age of 18 years who are from low-income households are eligible for government-funded dental care through the Healthy Smiles Ontario (HSO) program [7], which essentially means that adolescents (15 to 17 years of age) from low-income households can access dental care through this program, whereas young adults (18 to 24 years of age) cannot
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