Abstract
Behaviors, in which the characters conciliatory, neutral, or aggressive define a ‘psychological’ aspect of human personality, play an important role for negotiation agent. Elsewhere, learning in negotiation is fundamental for understanding human behaviors and developing new concepts. In this paper, a negotiation strategy essentially based on such human personality behaviors is suggested for SISINE project which aims to develop innovative teaching methodology of negotiation skills. For this purpose, first, reinforcement learning (Q-learning and Sarsa-Learning) approaches are developed, analyzed, and compared in order to acquire the strategy negotiation behaviors. Second, a Fuzzy ArtMap Neural Network (FAMNN) is developed to acquire this strategy. Third, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture is suggested for the FAMNN integration. The suggested strategy displays the ability to provide agents, through a basic buying strategy, with a first intelligence level in a social and cognitive system for learning negotiation strategies (human-agent and agent-agent).
Highlights
In a context where agents must reach agreements on matters of mutual interest, negotiation techniques for reaching agreements are required
In SISINE project, simulation environments enable a participant to interact with a virtual entity called ‘‘bot’’, through a communicative exchange: texts, 1 SISINE project, funded by European Union Leonardo Da Vinci Program, aimed to develop an innovative teaching methodology of negotiation skills exploiting an integrated system platform of simulation
Current ASICs have a low cost-per-gate advantages as well as an inherent speed advantage ; in contrast, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) have been winning with their time-to-application, low nonrecurring engineering fees, and reprogrammable features [24]
Summary
In a context where agents must reach agreements on matters of mutual interest, negotiation techniques for reaching agreements are required. In the research works developed aiming to analyze and describe the human behavior in [2], twelve categories representing three major parts of the behavior have been defined: the positive socioemotional part, a neutral task part, and the negative socio-emotional part. Works on the social psychology of the negotiation of Rubin and Brown developed in [3], the interpersonal orientation of a person has an influence on his negotiating behavior. Typical problems include weak communications skills, lack of empathy with others, and poor control over the emotions arising during prolonged discussion Such problems can be directly or indirectly related to the personality of each group member participating to the negotiation.
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