Abstract
For centuries, what is today the Pontifical Institute Santa Maria dell'Anima, founded in Rome during the Holy Roman Empire (of the German nation), was known as the German National Institute or National Church. The article questions the attribute ‘German’ and investigates alternative identities, especially in the context of the Habsburg Empire. Both beneficiaries and benefactors were of various European nationalities, the priests who lived in the college as well as external members of the German and Austrian colony who met there regularly. The example of the Anima demonstrates how many ‘national’ institutes in the nineteenth century were not as homogeneous as they liked to present themselves; an institution's character was determined, not so much by historiography and political debate, but rather by the origins and convictions of the people who participated in it.
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