Neglected and Underutilized Fruit Species in Sri Lanka: Prioritisation and Understanding the Potential Distribution under Climate Change

Sujith S Ratnayake,Champika S Kariyawasam,Lalit Kumar

doi:10.3390/agronomy10010034

Sujith S Ratnayake, Champika S Kariyawasam + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010034

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Journal: Agronomy	Publication Date: Dec 25, 2019
Citations: 22	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of New England

Abstract

Neglected and underutilized fruit species (NUFS) can make an important contribution to the economy, food security and nutrition requirement for Sri Lanka. Identifying suitable areas for cultivation of NUFS is of paramount importance to deal with impending climate change issues. Nevertheless, limited studies have been carried out to assess the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of NUFS. Therefore, we examined the potential range changes of NUFS in a tropical climate using a case study from Sri Lanka. We prioritized and modeled the potentially suitable areas for four NUFS, namely Aegle marmelos, Annona muricata, Limonia acidissima and Tamarindus indica under current and projected climates (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for 2050 and 2070 using the maximum entropy (Maxent) species distribution modeling (SDM) approach. Potentially suitable areas for NUFS are predicted to decrease in the future under both scenarios. Out of the four NUFS, T. indica appears to be at the highest risk due to reduction in potential areas that are suitable for its growth under both emissions scenarios. The predicted suitable area reductions of this species for 2050 and 2070 are estimated as >75% compared to the current climate. A region of potentially higher climatic suitability was found around mid-county for multiple NUFS, which is also predicted to decrease under projected climate change. Further, the study identified high-potential agro-ecological regions (AERs) located in the mid-country’s wet and intermediate zones as the most suitable areas for promoting the cultivation of NUFS. The findings show the potential for incorporating predictive modeling into the management of NUFS under projected climate change. This study highlights the requirements of climate change adaptation strategies and focused research that can increase the resilience of NUFS to future changes in climate.

Highlights

Sri Lanka is predominantly an agrarian-based country with world-renowned unique agricultural diversity [1]
This study found that agro-ecological regions (AERs) located in the wet zone mid-country and intermediate zone mid-country are the most suitable areas for growing Neglected and underutilized fruit species (NUFS) with the adverse impacts of future climate change
Using Sri Lanka as a case study, we have shown the impacts of projected climate change on NUFS distribution in a tropical climate

Summary

Introduction

Sri Lanka is predominantly an agrarian-based country with world-renowned unique agricultural diversity [1]. Though the climate is generally tropical, differences can be observed across the country due to changes in rainfall and elevation [2]. Sri Lanka is divided into three distinct climatic zones primarily based on the annual rainfall: a wet zone (2500–5000 mm), a dry zone (1250–1900 mm) and an intermediate zone (1900–2500 mm) [3]. The island has been defined into 46 unique agro-ecological regions (AERs) (Figure S1) based on features such as rainfall, elevation, soil type, landform, land use and relief [4]. Sri Lanka is enriched with high biodiversity despite its small size of 65,610 km2 [2].

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