Abstract
We examine positive or negative real balance effect (or so-called Pigou effect) by falls in the nominal wage rate and the prices of the goods in situations where there is involuntary unemployment using a three-generations overlapping generations model with childhood period and pay-as-you go pension system for the older generation consumers. We will show that if the net savings of the younger generation consumers are larger than their debts due to consumption in their childhood period, there exists positive real balance effect and the employment increases by a fall in the nominal wage rate; on the other hand, if the net savings of the younger generation consumers are smaller than their debts, there exists negative real balance effect and the employment decreases by a fall in the nominal wage rate.
Highlights
In this paper we examine the existence of negative real balance effects by falls in the nominal wage rate and the prices of the goods in situations where there is involuntary unemployment
Umada (1997) derived an upward-sloping labor demand curve from the mark-up principle for firms and argued that such an upward-sloping labor demand curve leads to the existence of involuntary unemployment without wage rigidity
If the net savings of the younger generation of consumers are larger than their debts due to consumption in their childhood period, there exists a positive real balance effect, and employment increases by a fall in the nominal wage rate. 2
Summary
In this paper we examine the existence of negative real balance effects (or so-called Pigou effects) by falls in the nominal wage rate and the prices of the goods in situations where there is involuntary unemployment. The positive real balance effect works when the real assets of consumers increase due to falls in the nominal wage rate and the prices promote their consumption. Negative Real Balance Effects in the Presence of Involuntary Unemployment
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