Abstract
Waves propagating inwardly to the wave source are called antiwaves which have negative phase velocity. In this paper the phenomenon of negative phase velocity in oscillatory systems is studied on the basis of periodically paced complex Ginzbug-Laundau equation (CGLE). We figure out a clear physical picture on the negative phase velocity of these pacing induced waves. This picture tells us that the competition between the frequency ωout of the pacing induced waves with the natural frequency ω0 of the oscillatory medium is the key point responsible for the emergence of negative phase velocity and the corresponding antiwaves. ωoutω0 > 0 and |ωout| < |ω0| are the criterions for the waves with negative phase velocity. This criterion is general for one and high dimensional CGLE and for general oscillatory models. Our understanding of antiwaves predicts that no antispirals and waves with negative phase velocity can be observed in excitable media.
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