Abstract
Based on Dirac’s negative energy, we propose and study the negative matter. Bondi’s results are wrong. First, the negative matter can be the simplest model of unified dark matter and dark energy. Next, we discuss various possible theories of the negative matter: some field equations, similar electrodynamics, field equations with non-symmetry, etc. Third, the quantum theory of negative matter is researched. Matter surrounded by dark-negative matter corresponds to an infinitely deep potential trap in quantum mechanics and forms a base of the universal wave-particle duality and quantum mechanics. Fourth, we propose the mechanism of inflation as the origin of positive-negative matters created from nothing. Fifth, assume that dark matter is completely the negative matter, and we may calculate an evolutional ratio between total matter and usual matter from 1 of inflation and the radiation-dominated universe to 7.88 of the present matter-dominated universe. It agrees with the observed value 6.36~7. Sixth, we research the relativity of the negative matter and theory in Lobachevskian geometry. Seventh, we propose a judgment test of the negative matter as dark matter is opposite repulsive lensing and other eight possible tests. Eighty, we propose a figure on the unification of the four basic interactions in three-dimensional space, in which the “running” coupling constants of strong and weak interactions transform each other. The negative matter as a candidate of unification of dark matter and dark energy is not only the simplest, and may explain inflation and be calculated and tested.
Highlights
Assume that the dark energy connects with the cosmological constant Λ (Weinberg, 1989), and is a dynamical scalar field in which the pressure-density ratio w > −1, w < −1 for phantom model, in Quintom model (The Quintom scenario is a hypothetical model of dark energy) evolution can pass through w = −1
We proposed a test of the negative matter (Chang, 2011): When the move speed between positive and negative matters is very big, and the kinetic energy is bigger than the potential energy, their colliding result will be a complete annihilation, which will produces huge gravitational wave
We proposed that the mechanism of inflation cosmology due to a huge repulsive force between the positive matter and negative matter created at the same time in quantum fluctuations
Summary
Lane, Lee, Lewis, and Sullivan (2020), searched dark photons with maverick top partners It is well-known that in 1928 Dirac predicted anti-particles and the negative energy state from his equation, and he emphasized: “we cannot ignore the negative energy states” Based on Dirac’s negative energy state, we proposed the negative mass, and a basic axiom (the no-contradiction of natural laws) and two foundational principles: Here g corresponds to the negative energy state and vacuum energy, i.e., Dirac Sea. The negative matter determines the cosmological constant, and is consistent with conformal gravity theory (Mannheim, 1992). Forte, Lazkoz, and Richarte (2009), discussed the dark energy density derived from the 3-scalar phantom field, and its negative component plays the role of the negative part of a classical Dirac field. Current electromagnetic interaction, both gravity and repulsion correspond to the same photon, such it is possible that graviton and repulsion are the same
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