Abstract
This chapter discusses the research work on negative ions. Research on the physics of free negative ions has a long history beginning with the pioneering work on positive and negative ion mass spectra by J. J. Thomson in 1913. Mass spectroscopists have found that the negative ion spectra of complex molecules are sometimes simpler and more revealing than their positive ion spectra. The study of atmospheric gases at very high temperatures is being extended to a temperature range in which negative ion formation influences the thermodynamic properties of the gas. This chapter emphasizes the advances in negative ion physics, because the appearance of the second edition of Massey's book in 1950. In some cases, phenomena and data have been selected as examples from a large volume of source material. The properties of atomic negative ions and molecular negative ions are explained in the chapter. A brief discussion on negative-ion collisions with heavy particles and concepts related to negative ions in the upper atmosphere are also elaborated in the chapter.
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