Abstract
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a phytophagous haplodiploid mite and its control is largely based on the use of pesticides. But, the short life cycle and high reproductive rate allow them to develop resistance to many pesticides. To design a strategy for resistance management, a fitness cost study was conducted on different populations of T. urticae, i.e., spiromesifen selected (SPIRO-SEL), unselected (Unsel), and reciprocal crosses. After twelve rounds of selections, T. urticae developed high spiromesifen resistance (71.7-fold) compared to the Unsel strain. Results showed a fitness cost for SPIRO-SEL, Cross1 (Unsel ♀ × SPIRO-SEL ♂), and Cross2 (SPIRO-SEL ♀ × Unsel ♂) with a relative fitness values of 0.63, 0.86, and 0.70, respectively. There was a significant increase in the incubation period, quiescent larvae, and egg to adult male and female developmental period of the SPIRO-SEL compared with Unsel strain. Moreover, resistance to spiromesifen was unstable with a decline in resistance value of - 0.05. The presence of unstable spiromesifen resistance associated with fitness costs suggests that intermittent withdrawal of its usage could potentially preserve its effectiveness for management of T. urticae.
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