Abstract
Fast light which demonstrates negative group velocity, is achieved by the anomalous dispersion or photon tunneling. However, many applications based on the fast light are limited due to the disadvantages of inferior tunability or nonlinear dispersion relationship of the fast light-carrying medium. In this paper, we propose the graphene plasmonic crystal waveguides whose guiding and claddings are composed of the graphene plasmonic metamaterials, where the backward propagating plasmonic modes corresponding to negative group velocity are observed. The dispersion relation and the group velocity of three types of graphene plasmonic crystal waveguides are investigated by varying the materials and the geometrical parameters of the graphene plasmonic crystal waveguides. Numerical experiments are designed to verify the authenticity of a fast plasmon in the graphene plasmonic crystal waveguides. Our proposed graphene plasmonic crystal waveguides might find significant applications in the fields of nanophotonics, on-chip electromagnetic field manipulation in deep nanoscale, and the technique of high density plasmonic integrated plasmonic circuit in the future.
Highlights
Fast light refers to the electromagnetic wave which travels faster than the speed of light c in a vacuum or takes a negative value of the group velocity vg [1]
Graphene plasmonic crystals (GPCs) act as negativeindex materials (NIMs), known as left-handed materials (LHMs)
We propose a graphene plasmonic crystal waveguide (GPCW), which consists of a guiding layer sandwiched by cladding layers, all three layers are made up of GPCs
Summary
Fast light refers to the electromagnetic wave which travels faster than the speed of light c in a vacuum or takes a negative value of the group velocity vg [1]. Graphene plasmonic crystals (GPCs), in special, are a kind of graphene-based metamaterial with excellent tunability and linear dispersion relationship. Negative permittivity and permeability can be obtained based on the linear dispersion relationship around the Dirac-like point (DLP). In this case, GPCs act as negativeindex materials (NIMs), known as left-handed materials (LHMs). The effective permittivity and permeability of the plasmonic crystal near DLP climb from negative to positive continuously and linearly This graphene-based plasmonic crystal is used as the LHMs or right-handed materials (RLMs) with different structure parameters or operating frequency. Numerical propagation experiments are utilized to verify the negative group velocity (fast light) caused by the anomalous dispersion
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