Abstract
Introduction: Based on many scientific research studies, there has been demonstrated a relation between smoking of pregnant women and its negative effects on pregnancy, intrauterine fetal growth, postnatal newborn condition, and development. The aim of our study is to highlight the adverse effects of cigarette use during pregnancy and to evaluate the effect of maternal smoking on the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in umbilical cord plasma. Our aim was to show an effect of maternal smoking by determining carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in maternal blood, too. Design: Prospective analysis. Setting: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic. Methods: Our study included 174 newborns. Mothers were divided into group of smokers (n = 67) and non-smokers (n = 107). This prospective study was realized from February 2012 to November 2013 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Slovak Republic. Patients signed a written informed consent and completed a questionnaire that involved medical history, and data of their smoking habits. EPO levels were measured in 174 samples of umbilical cord plasma. Infants were born spontaneously at term. Results: We observed significantly higher EPO levels in umbilical cord plasma in children born to smokers in contrast to non-smokers’ (children of non-smoking mothers: 19 ± 8 mIU/mL; children of smokers: 61 ± 33 mIU/mL, p
Highlights
Based on many scientific research studies, there has been demonstrated a relation between smoking of pregnant women and its negative effects on pregnancy, intrauterine fetal growth, postnatal newborn condition, and development
All women subscribed the informed consent before being included in the study and they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) vaginal delivery, 2) no severe disease in personal history, 3) absence of arterial hypertension and diabetes in personal history, 4) no pregnancy complications, 5) intrauterine fetal growth restriction absence, 6) clear amniotic fluid withouth the presence of meconium, 7) gestational age from 37th to 42nd gestational week according to late menstruation period and first-trimester ultrasound examination, 8) the smoking pregnant women consumed cigarettes actively before and during the pragnancy, 9) singleton gravidity, 10) compatible birth weight and gestational age
We evaluated the values of pH, pO2, pCO2 and COHb in blood samples from umbilical vein (UV) and umbilical artery (UA)
Summary
Based on many scientific research studies, there has been demonstrated a relation between smoking of pregnant women and its negative effects on pregnancy, intrauterine fetal growth, postnatal newborn condition, and development. The aim of our study is to highlight the adverse effects of cigarette use during pregnancy and to evaluate the effect of maternal smoking on the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in umbilical cord plasma. Mothers were divided into group of smokers (n = 67) and non-smokers (n = 107) This prospective study was realized from February 2012 to November 2013 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Slovak Republic. Results: We observed significantly higher EPO levels in umbilical cord plasma in children born to smokers in contrast to non-smokers’ (children of nonsmoking mothers: 19 ± 8 mIU/mL; children of smokers: 61 ± 33 mIU/mL, p < 0.01). Cotinine (the key nicotine metabolite) is present in urine, hair and in saliva of smokers’ neonates [1]
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