Abstract
Metabolic syndrome encompasses multiple conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and exposure to environmental chemicals can cause metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2006) on 4318 adult participants to assess the association between acrylamide (AA) exposure and metabolic syndrome. Concentrations of hemoglobin-adducted AA (HbAA) and hemoglobin-adducted glycidamide (HbGA) were evaluated. Metabolic syndrome markers related to HbAA and HbGA and the effect of exposure to AA and GA on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were studied by ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. HbAA concentration inversely correlated with the number of metabolic syndrome markers (p < 0.05). An increased HbAA concentration was noted with reduced high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the adjusted model (p < 0.05). High fasting plasma glucose level significantly correlated with HbGA concentration in the adjusted model. In conclusion, AA exposure alters metabolic syndrome markers in adults. Additional clinical and animal studies will clarify the role of AA exposure at different stages in the progression of metabolic syndrome-related diseases.
Highlights
Acrylamide (AA) is used to synthesize the well-known polymer polyacrylamide and to treat effluents from water treatment plants and industrial processes
After screening for eligible participants (N = 20470) and accounting for those not attending baseline data collection sessions, 4813 participants were available for analysis in this study
The participants were divided into the metabolic syndrome group (N = 1064) and the non-metabolic syndrome group (N = 3749) (Table 2)
Summary
Acrylamide (AA) is used to synthesize the well-known polymer polyacrylamide and to treat effluents from water treatment plants and industrial processes. AA exposure was first linked to neurotoxicity in 1997 in Sweden due to a serious event of environmental pollution by the leakage of a sealant during a tunneling project [1,2,3]. Food Administration and researchers from Stockholm University later announced in 2002 that acrylamide, a toxic and potential carcinogen, is produced in many types of foods prepared or cooked at high temperatures [4]. AA is classified as a Group 2A carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [5]. High exposure to AA can affect the nervous system, resulting in muscle weakness, numbness of the extremities, sweating, unsteadiness, etc. Animal studies have reported its reproductive toxicity [7]
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