Abstract
Countries operating nuclear power plants have to deal with the tasks connected to spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste management. There is international consensus that, at this time, deep geological disposal represents the safest and most sustainable option as the end point of the management of high-level waste and spent fuel considered as waste. There are countries with longer timescale for deep geological repository (DGR) implementation, meaning that the planned date of commissioning of their respective DGRs is around 2060. For these countries cooperation, knowledge transfer, participation in RD&D programmes (like EURAD) and adaptation of good international practice could help in implementing their own programmes. In the paper the challenges and needs of a country with longer implementation timescale for DGR will be introduced through the example of Hungary.
Highlights
Introduction and background1.1 Countries with longer implementation timescaleNuclear Power Plants are operated since 1970s and 1980s in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries
There is international consensus that, at this time, deep geological disposal represents the safest and most sustainable option as the end point of the management of high-level waste and spent fuel considered as waste
This means that these countries have to deal with spent fuel management, including the final disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW): spent nuclear fuel or vitrified HLW corresponding to the direct disposal or reprocessing option, respectively, for the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle
Summary
Nuclear Power Plants are operated since 1970s and 1980s in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries This means that these countries have to deal with spent fuel management, including the final disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW): spent nuclear fuel or vitrified HLW corresponding to the direct disposal or reprocessing option, respectively, for the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle. As it is formulated in the Council Directive 2011/70/ EURATOM (Directive) [1]: “it is broadly accepted at the technical level that, at this time, deep geological disposal represents the safest and most sustainable option as the end point of the management of high-level waste and spent fuel considered as waste.”. When a country is in an early stage of implementation, it is essentially important from several aspects (and it is required by the Directive [1]), to develop a
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