Abstract
12 years ago, at 12 th ISVHECRI, a special NEEDS workshop was held to discuss future LHC data required for interpretation of cosmic ray experiments. Now, when the main task of LHC is solved – the Higgs boson is discovered – the question “What will be the next?” is very actual. In this paper the results of cosmic ray experiments at LHC energies are considered. Their possible explanation in the frame of a new model of production of quark-gluon matter blobs is discussed. The necessity to pass in LHC experiments from investigations of pp -interactions to investigations of nucleus-nucleus interactions is underlined since cosmic rays consist mainly of nuclei (≈ 60%) which interact with nuclei of air. But namely in these nucleus-nucleus interactions many unusual results were obtained in cosmic ray investigations. Corresponding tasks for future LHC experiments are proposed.
Highlights
A correspondence between the intervals of energy 1015– 1018 eV in cosmic ray experiments and energy of protonproton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus beams in LHC is well known
For the accelerator physicists the main purpose is the search for new particles: Higgs boson, supersymmetric particles, etc
Taking into account the steep dependence of cosmic ray intensity on the energy as E−2.7, the main contribution in many detected events give secondary particles with largest energies which fly at very small angles
Summary
A correspondence between the intervals of energy 1015– 1018 eV in cosmic ray experiments and energy of protonproton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus beams in LHC (several TeV per nucleon) is well known. Only results of primary particle interactions with nuclei of atoms of the atmosphere can be investigated, and neither energy nor type of particle are known. The second reason is a very skeptic attitude of the accelerator community to results of cosmic rays experiments due to their drawbacks (unknown type and energy of primary particles) and poor statistics. Results of practically all experiments at very high energies (above the knee) show an increase of the number of nuclei compared to protons. It means that in cosmic ray experiments the most interactions are nucleusnucleus interactions, and namely in these interactions. The question can be turned over: What consequences for future LHC experiment planning follow from results of cosmic ray experiments?
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