Abstract
In order to study the injection and diffusion process of the drug in the subcutaneous tissue of a needle-free jet injectors (NFJIs) in detail and understand the influence of different nozzle geometry on the diffusion process of the drug, in this paper, numerical simulations were performed to study the diffusion process of the drug in the subcutaneous tissue of NFJIs with cylindrical nozzle. On this basis, the differences of the drug diffusion process with different nozzle geometries were analyzed. The results show that the drug diffused in the shape of ellipsoid in the subcutaneous tissue. The penetration of the drug into the subcutaneous tissue is deeper under the condition of conical nozzle and conical cylindrical nozzle at the same time. However, it takes longer to spread to the interface between skin and subcutaneous tissue in reverse.
Highlights
There are many problems with hypodermic needles injection, such as skin induration at the injection site, difficult to dispose of the waste of the injection device, and people’s desire for needle-free jet injectors is increasing day by day
Baxter and Mitragotri [3–5] studied the relationship between penetration of the drug into the subcutaneous and jet velocity and diameter of needle-free jet injectors, and the results show that the degree of injection completeness depends on the jet diameter and the jet velocity
The cylindrical nozzle needle-free jet injector is selected as the prototype, because the actual injection and drug diffusion region are axisymmetric; so, the numerical simulation domain can be simplified to a two-dimensional region
Summary
There are many problems with hypodermic needles injection, such as skin induration at the injection site, difficult to dispose of the waste of the injection device, and people’s desire for needle-free jet injectors is increasing day by day. Needle-free jet injectors were first used for insulin injection in 1941 [1]. They use a high-velocity jet stream to puncture the skin and deposit drugs in the subcutaneous tissue. Rim et al [7] studied the diffusion process of drug, which played a key guiding role for the design of needle-free jet injectors. The effects of different nozzle geometries on jet velocity and turbulence intensity are studied by LI et al [9]. The research on the influence of the nozzle geometries of the needle-free jet injectors on the drug diffusion process is not comprehensive. Taking the needle-free jet injectors with cylindrical nozzle as the prototype, the diffusion process of the drug into the skin was studied by numerical simulation. Nozzle geometry was modified, and the differences of drug diffusion process under different nozzle geometry conditions were compared and analyzed, so as to provide theoretical reference for the improved design of needle-free jet injectors
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