Needle-free jet injection of insulin glargine improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study based on the flash glucose monitoring system

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: To investigate the effects of insulin glargine injection given with a QS-P jet injector on the glucose profile using a professional mode flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research design and methods: In this randomized, controlled, cross-sectional study, 66 patients with T2DM who received insulin glargine (12–18 IU/day) injection were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into group A (jet injector before insulin pen) and group B (insulin pen before jet injector). Each subject injected insulin daily before breakfast. We analyzed the changes in the glucose profile using a professional mode FGM system. Results: Treatment with a jet injector led to significantly lower 24-h mean glucose, maximum blood glucose, area under the curve (AUC) > 10.0 mmol/L, time above range and increased AUC < 3.9 mmol/L and time below range than those when using an insulin pen. There was no difference in glycemic variability between the two groups. We observed that patients using a jet injector had significantly lower mean glucose between 12:00 to 22:00. Conclusions: Needle-free jet injection of insulin glargine was more effective than use of an insulin pen for good glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT04093284.