Neck Circumference Predicts the Occurrence and Remission of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Longitudinal Study of Community-Dwelling Population

Abstract

Aim: Neck circumference (NC), a proxy for upper-body subcutaneous fat, is closely related to metabolic dysfunction, independent of other obesity indices. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between NC and the incidence and remission of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a novel concept proposed by an international consensus panel in 2020 through a community-based longitudinal cohort. Methods: This study included 1,549 community participants and was conducted from 2013 to 2016. MAFLD was diagnosed using the International Expert Consensus (2020) criteria. All participants underwent NC measurement and biochemical measurements. Elevated NC was defined as NC ≥38.5 cm in men and NC ≥34.5 cm in women. Results: A total of 1,549 subjects (638 men and 911 women), with an average age of 59.6 ± 7.3 years, were included. During a mean follow-up of 2.1 years, MAFLD occurred in 146 of the 870 participants without baseline MAFLD and was resolved in 225 of the 679 participants with baseline MAFLD. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and liver enzyme levels, multivariable logistic regression showed that higher NC at baseline was positively correlated with MAFLD occurrence (OR 1.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–3.31; p = 0.003) and negatively correlated with MAFLD remission (OR 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.40–0.80; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A higher NC is associated with an increased risk of MAFLD occurrence and a reduced probability of MAFLD remission, making NC measurement a potential predictor in MAFLD management.