Abstract
Consider the n th-order difference equation and the differential equation where In this paper we establish the concept that (1) and (2) are robustly oscillatory (i.e. (1) or (2) is oscillatory for all Necessary and sufficient conditions are given by the oscillation of special extreme point equations. Moreover, we obtain explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of the extreme equations so that answers to two problems of Ladas are obtained.
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