Abstract
The application of atomization technology is common in fields such as agriculture, cosmetics, environmental sciences, and medicine. Aerosolized drugs are administered using nebulizers to treat both pulmonary and nonpulmonary diseases. The characterization and measurement of nebulizers are of great significance in analyzing the performance and accuracy of the nebulizing system and the advancement of the technology. Nevertheless, the characterization of aerosols has been a long-standing challenge in scientific disciplines ranging from atmospheric physics to health sciences. The study of factors that influence nebulization has not been undertaken systematically using experimental techniques. Numerical modeling (NM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can address such issues. This article provides a concise overview of the literature on the application of computational fluid dynamics to medical nebulizers and aerosol measurements.
Highlights
Atomization is the process of disintegrating fluids into liquid spray droplets due to the cohesive and disruptive forces acting on the liquid
The range of respirable particles sizes in the presence of nasal deformity was different from the normal case
The effectiveness of nebulization is mainly determined by droplet size distribution (DSD) and velocity of the droplet
Summary
Atomization is the process of disintegrating fluids into liquid spray droplets due to the cohesive and disruptive forces acting on the liquid. Pressure atomizers use high pressure to force the fluid through the nozzle, and the friction that is created between the fluid and the air causes the fluid to disrupt and form droplets. A pressure swirl atomizer exists that utilizes a three step process: film formation, sheet breakup, and atomization In this atomizer, a special nozzle called a swirl port is used to push the liquid against the wall of the chamber, and the liquid emerges from the orifice as a sheet, which is unstable and soon breaks up into droplets [5]. The energy creates a high relative speed between the liquid and air, which causes the liquid to change into droplets [1]. The technique is very similar to pneumatic atomizers except that it uses a different type of gas energy and has a better quality
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