Nebivolol Induces a Hyperpolarizing Effect on Smooth Muscle Cells in the Mouse Renal Artery by Activation of Beta-2-Adrenoceptors

Abstract

Nebivolol is a highly selective β₁-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilator properties involving the vascular endothelium, but its effect on the smooth muscle cells (SMC) is still unclear. In this paper, we tested the effect of nebivolol on renal artery smooth muscle cells and investigated the cellular mechanism involved. To this purpose, the denuded renal arteries isolated from mice were studied in vitro using the myograph and the nitric oxide (NO) sensor techniques, while the SMC in culture were analyzed by the patch-clamp technique. The myograph technique was used to assay the vasodilator effect of nebivolol on the arterial muscular layer, and to establish the optimal dose of the drug to be tested on single SMC by the patch-clamp technique. Using both the myograph and the patch-clamp techniques, we examined the potential contribution of β₂-adrenoceptors and Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels to the nebivolol-induced effects, by exposing the denuded arteries and SMC cultures to specific inhibitors such as butoxamine (100 µmol/l), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mmol/l), and iberiotoxin (100 nmol/l). The direct measurement of NO using the NO sensor enabled us to evaluate if nebivolol induces/or not the release of NO in denuded renal arteries. The results of this study show that nebivolol exerts vasodilator effects on the SMC in the denuded renal arteries and the maximal response is achieved at a concentration of 50 µmol/l. Nebivolol effects involve binding to the β₂-adrenoceptors and the subsequent activation of Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels in SMC, with no contribution of NO. Taken together, the study brings new insights into the mechanism underlying the nebivolol-induced arterial vasodilation.