Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been considered as promising luminescent probes for deep-tissue bioimaging because of their intrinsic photoluminescence in the near infrared wavelength range of ~1000-1300 nm called NIR-II [1, 2]. The near infrared light readily penetrates into highly scattering media such as biological tissues; this enables photoluminescence imaging of deep inside of them. However, it is necessary to use Stokes photoluminscence (here after, referred to as PL) at longer wavelengths than ~1100 nm to avoid autofluorescence from the biological tissues, and standard Si-based detectors cannot be used in this wavelength range. Recently, efficient up- conversion photoluminescence (UCPL) of SWNTs has been discovered [3]. The UCPL phenomena enable SWNTs excited at wavelengths longer than ~1050-1200 nm to emit PL shorter than 1000 nm in which standard Si-based detectors have finite sensitivity. The availability of the UCPL thus drastically enhances the usefulness of SWNTs as luminescent probes in their bioimaging applications.
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