Near-infrared camera and multiobject spectrometer (NICMOS): the near-infrared space mission on HST

Abstract

The Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS), is a `second generation' instrument for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). As such it is an integral part of the HST mission concept of periodic instrument replacement. NICMOS provides a new capability of near infrared astrophysical investigations in the 0.8 - 2.5 micrometers spectral region utilizing three cameras at different spatial resolutions for imaging, grisms for multi-object spectroscopy, polarizers for polarimetry,and a coronagraphic spot and mask for coronagraphic imaging. NICMOS has a five year mission lifetime with a solid nitrogen dewar that maintains the three 256 X 256 pixel HgCdTe detectors at the operating temperature of 58 Kelvin. Insertion of NICMOS is scheduled for STS Mission 91 in March 1997. The NICOS design is a result of the opportunities and constraints of the HST program which has a unique concept; periodic enhancement of the instrumental capabilities on orbit. This concept, closer to traditional ground based operations, provides a very cost effective capability for new space science opportunities and poses unique challenges in the instrument concepts produced to take advantage of the opportunities.