Abstract
The near-field microscope is characterized by its super-resolution capability. It exceeds the classical limit of spatial resolution of the light microscope due to the wave nature of photons or the diffraction of light. In this chapter, a general review of the methods for super-resolution in imaging optics is given, and how nearfield optics enables the super-resolution is explained using the Ewald sphere. The common and distinctive mechanisms and functions of different near-field probes are compared using eight configurations including the probes associated with surface plasmon polaritons.
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