Abstract
Seismic refraction was used to image the near-surface, using a3D seismic data acquired from an onshore Niger Delta field. The objective of the study was to build a near-surface model of the earth in terms of sub-weathering layer thicknesses and seismic wave velocities and highlight the near-surface seismic wave velocity variation in the region. A velocity-depth model consisting of the weathering layer and three consolidated (sub-weathering) layers was first estimated. The first-breaks were picked and used as input for this study. The models were generally consistent in terms of their large-scale features, demonstrating the robustness of refraction data inversion in general. Results support confidence in the reliability and robustness of the refraction inversion method. The method of analysis and resolution for 3-layer models adopted in this study may be used in resolving such cases observed during processing of seismic reflection data from the Niger-Delta Basin.
Highlights
The ultimate goal in reflection seismic data processing is to obtain an accurate image of the subsurface, which is critical for interpretation during exploration for hydrocarbons and other geological targets
The near surface is considered as the shallow part of the subsurface whose properties distort or degrade the response from deeper targets
Characterization of shallow subsurface layers is of particular interest for exploration seismology
Summary
The ultimate goal in reflection seismic data processing is to obtain an accurate image of the subsurface, which is critical for interpretation during exploration for hydrocarbons and other geological targets. A near-surface velocity model is crucial to seismic data processing; including static corrections and migration. It is a few kilometers south-west of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The Benin Formation is characterized by high sand percentage (70–100%) and forms the top layer of the Niger Delta depositional sequence [3]. The data used for the present study is a 3D prestack onshore seismic data with the accompanying geometry/SPS files This data was acquired with dynamites as source.
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