Abstract
Tonic accommodation (TA) was measured in 100 optometry students using near retinoscopy. Subjects were divided into three refractive groups comprising 42 myopes, 48 emmetropes and 10 hyperopes. The myopic group was found to have the lowest values of TA (mean = 0.47 D; s.d. = 0.38 D), the hyperopes the highest (mean = 0.89 D; s.d. = 0.50 D) and the emmetropes intermediate values (mean = 0.65 D; s.d. = 0.42 D). No significant difference was found between subjects exhibiting myopia which was early in onset (prior to the age of 15 years) and those exhibiting late-onset myopia (after the age of 15 years). The results are discussed with respect to theories of refractive error development.
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