Abstract
The Automatic identification System (AIS) has been mainly designed to improve safety and efficiency of navigation, environmental protection, coastal traffic monitoring simplifying identification and communication. Additionally, historical AIS data have been used in many other areas of maritime safety, economic and environmental research. The probability of the detection of terrestrial AIS signals from space was presented in 2003, following the advancements in micro satellite technology. Through constant development, research and cooperation between governmental and private sectors, Satellite AIS (S-AIS) has been continuously evolving. Advancements in signal and data processing techniques have resulted in an improved detection over vast areas outside of terrestrial range. Some of the challenges of S-AIS technology include satellite revisit times, message collision and ship detection probability. Data processing latency and lacking the continuous real-time coverage made it less reliable for end user in certain aspects of monitoring and data analysis. Recent developments and improvements by leading S-AIS service providers have reduced latency issues. Complementing with terrestrial AIS and other technologies, near real-time S-AIS can further enhance all areas of the global maritime monitoring domain with emerging possibilities for maritime industry.
Highlights
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a digital, terrestrial, short range automatic data exchange system operating at a very high frequency (VHF) band
All major S-Automatic identification System (AIS) service providers have invested in the generation of satellites and constellations
Satellite AIS (S-AIS) data have been used in various research areas
Summary
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a digital, terrestrial, short range automatic data exchange system operating at a very high frequency (VHF) band It is mandatory for all ships under the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and used by coastal and other stations. Testing and development continued in the following years in academic, governmental and commercial sectors, often collaboratively [14] Both terrestrial and satellite AIS historical and near real-time data have been used in various areas of research. The vessel position update intervals have been reported ranging from several seconds to 15 minutes or even few hours [2] Regardless the delay, such systems offer improved tracking possibilities for vessel economic, traffic and remote area monitoring. The proposed application areas and the implementation possibilities of the S-AIS for global maritime stakeholders will be considered
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