Abstract
Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO2) emission data is of great importance in achieving carbon neutrality around the world. Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO2 Emissions Dataset (GRACED) from fossil fuel and cement production with a global spatial resolution of 0.1° by 0.1° and a temporal resolution of 1 day. Gridded fossil emissions are computed for different sectors based on the daily national CO2 emissions from near-real-time dataset (Carbon Monitor), the spatial patterns of point source emission dataset Global Energy Infrastructure Emissions Database (GID), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and spatiotemporal patters of satellite nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrievals. Our study on the global CO2 emissions responds to the growing and urgent need for high-quality, fine-grained, near-real-time CO2 emissions estimates to support global emissions monitoring across various spatial scales. We show the spatial patterns of emission changes for power, industry, residential consumption, ground transportation, domestic and international aviation, and international shipping sectors from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. This gives thorough insights into the relative contributions from each sector. Furthermore, it provides the most up-to-date and fine-grained overview of where and when fossil CO2 emissions have decreased and rebounded in response to emergencies (e.g., coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) and other disturbances of human activities of any previously published dataset. As the world recovers from the pandemic and decarbonizes its energy systems, regular updates of this dataset will enable policymakers to more closely monitor the effectiveness of climate and energy policies and quickly adapt.
Highlights
Human emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere are the main cause of global climate change, detailed and spatially-explicit estimates of such emissions are updated infrequently, typically lagging emissions by at least a year
The first high-resolution near-real-time gridded fossil CO2 emission emissions GRACED we presented will facilitate the adaptive management of emissions and the implementation of climate policy, which is of great importance of achieving the carbon neutrality around the world
This research presents for the first time the near-real-time high-resolution gridded fossil CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and cement production, which is based on the Carbon Monitor project.[4]
Summary
Human emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere are the main cause of global climate change, detailed and spatially-explicit estimates of such emissions are updated infrequently, typically lagging emissions by at least a year. With the rising ambition of climate policies and mitigation efforts,[1,2] a reliable, spatially-explicit and up-to-date dataset of fossil CO2 emissions is becoming increasingly important. Such detailed data is necessary to link emissions to observable atmospheric concentration signals and constrain regional CO2 fluxes, and can help decision makers to more quickly assess both the effectiveness of policies f and local priorities for further mitigation.[3,4] Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions of o human activities and energy use. A timely and finely-gridded emissions dataset enables quantitative analysis of how temporal and rn spatial changes in CO2 emissions in each country in response to emergencies (e.g. u COVID-19) and other disturbances of human activities, and helps constraining o predictions of future trends
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