Abstract
Currently, monovarietal olive oils are increasingly present on the market and generate large amounts of monovarietal olive pomaces. Considering the high production of this by-product and its bioactive content, it is essential to explore green, reliable, easy-to-go, and low-cost techniques that allow their easy analysis and discrimination. In this sense, the goal of this work was to use near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to assess the composition and to estimate the antioxidant activity of olive pomace. A total of 53 samples including four monovarietal cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana, Koroneiki and Oliana) and 49 different blends were used for this study. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging ability. The NIR spectra of olive samples were calibrated against these chemical parameters and the composition of each sample using PLS modelling. The discrimination of the olive pomace samples with a high amount of bioactive compounds in terms of TPC, FRAP and DPPH· scavenging ability was performed through PLSDA modelling. The PLS models results regarding olive pomace samples composition yielded coefficients of determination of prediction (R2P) and range error ratio (RER) values higher than 0.9 and 12, respectively, while the PLS models results for the determination of the antioxidant activity yielded unsatisfactory results. For the PLSDA models, the percentage of correct predictions obtained using the validation set was 82, 90, 61% for DPPH· scavenging ability, TPC and FRAP, respectively. Globally, the obtained results attest that NIR spectroscopy is an interesting green analytical technique for the valorization of olive industry by-products, namely olive pomace, through the determination of their composition and the discrimination between samples with a higher amount of bioactive compounds.
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