Near-infrared II theranostic agents for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract

Near-infrared II theranostic agents have gained great momentum in the research field of AD owing tothe appealing advantages. Recently, an array of activatable NIR-II fluorescence probes has been developed tospecifically monitor pathological targets of AD. Furthermore, various NIR-II-mediated nanomaterials with desirablephotothermal and photodynamic properties have demonstrated favorable outcomes in the management of AD. We summerized amounts of references and focused on small-molecule probes, nanomaterials,photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy based on NIR-II fluorescent imaging for the diagnosis andtreatment in AD. In addition, design strategies for NIR-II-triggered theranostics targeting AD are presented, andsome prospects are also addressed. NIR-II theranostic agents including small molecular probes and nanoparticles have received theincreasing attention for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, most of the theranostic agents exhibited the promisingresults in animal studies. To our surprise, the multifunctional nanoplatforms also show a great potential in thediagnosis and treatment of AD. Although NIR-II theranostic agents showed the great potential in diagnosis and treatment of AD,there are still many challenges: 1) Faborable NIR-II fluorohpores are still lacking; 2) Biocompatibility, bioseurity anddosage of NIR-II theranostic agents should be further revealed; 3) New equipment and software associated withNIR-II imaging system should be explored.