Abstract
Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) bioimaging is a newly emerging visualization modality in real-time investigations of biological processes research. Owning to advances in reducing photon scattering and low tissue autofluorescence levels in NIR-II region (1,000–1700 nm), NIR-II bioimaging affords high resolution with increasing tissue penetration depth, and it shows greater application potential for in vivo detection to obtain more detailed qualitative and quantitative parameters. Herein, this review summarizes recent progresses made on NIR-II bioimaging for quantitative analysis. These emergences of various NIR-II fluorescence, photoacoustic (PA), luminescence lifetime imaging probes and their quantitative analysis applications are comprehensively discussed, and perspectives on potential challenges facing in this direction are also raised.
Highlights
Recent studies have showed that bioimaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1700 nm) can be reduced by photon scattering and tissue autofluorescence, leading to a better spatial-temporal resolution and deeper tissue penetration than that of conventional UV-VisNIR window (200–1,000 nm) (Smith et al, 2009; Welsher et al, 2009; Hong et al, 2014; Diao et al, 2015a)
We have summarized various types of NIR-II probes for in vivo quantitative analysis applications, including NIR-II fluorescence imaging (Welsher et al, 2011; Wang F. et al, 2019; Yu et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2020c; Tian et al, 2020), NIRII ratiometric fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging (Ye et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021b; Wang et al, 2021c; Fu et al, 2021), and NIR-II fluorescence-lifetime imaging (Fan et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2020) for in vivo quantitative analysis, and raised perspectives on potential challenges facing in this direction (Figure 1)
Compared with the clinical in vivo bioimaging technology, such as photoinduced electron transfer (PET)-CT, MRI, and ultrasound imaging, the tissue penetration depth of NIR-II bioimaging is only centimeter level, but it has the advantages of high temporal resolutions (∼ms) for real-time monitoring and high resolutions (∼μm) for micro-quantitative detections, which can be performed in situ quantitative analysis in vivo of small animal models for fundamental researches, and give opportunities to achieve the above goal
Summary
Recent studies have showed that bioimaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1700 nm) can be reduced by photon scattering and tissue autofluorescence, leading to a better spatial-temporal resolution and deeper tissue penetration than that of conventional UV-VisNIR window (200–1,000 nm) (Smith et al, 2009; Welsher et al, 2009; Hong et al, 2014; Diao et al, 2015a). The desirable NIR-II contrast agents demand high performance of optical properties, biocompatibility, activatability, and chemical modification They have gone through the development process from inorganic to organic materials as well as from polymer macromolecules to small molecules. Due to the improvement of NIR-II contrast agents and traditional UV-Vis-NIR bioimaging technologies The combination of superior NIR-II contrasts and advanced NIR-II bioimaging technologies can provide more detailed image parameters, which is suitable for in vivo quantitative analysis to understand biological process. I. showed that most anti-PD-L1-BGP6 accumulated within tumors in contrast to the relatively low remaining within other major organs (Figures 2J,K) These methods are derived from the traditional UV-Vis-NIR technology, the uniqueness advantages. Of NIR-II in vitro quantitative analysis make it indispensable in the NIR-II materials research
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