Abstract

Human Genetics![Figure][1] Genome sequencing of modern Iranian Zoroastrians reveals a previously uncharacterized ancient human population. PHOTO: ASSOCIATED PRESS The genetic composition of populations in Europe changed during the Neolithic transition from hunting and gathering to farming. To better understand the origin of modern populations, Broushaki et al. sequenced ancient DNA from four individuals from the Zagros region of present-day Iran, representing the early Neolithic Fertile Crescent. These individuals unexpectedly were not ancestral to early European farmers, and their genetic structures did not contribute significantly to those of present-day Europeans. These data indicate that a parallel Neolithic transition probably resulted from structured farming populations across southwest Asia. Science , this issue p. [499][2] [1]: pending:yes [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf7943

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