Near Adult Height in Girls with Turner Syndrome Treated with Growth Hormone Following Either Induced or Spontaneous Puberty

Abstract

To understand whether spontaneous vs induced puberty and the type and route of estrogen influence the height of girls with Turner syndrome on growth hormone (GH). Search of an international database of children treated with GH revealed 772 girls with Turner syndrome followed from GH initiation to near adult height. Data from girls with sustained spontaneous puberty (n=145) were compared with those requiring estrogens for induction or maintenance of puberty (n=627). At GH start, mean age (7.5 vs 7.9years), weight (-1.7 vs -1.7 SDS), and body mass index (0.2 SDS vs 0.1 SDS) were similar for girls with spontaneous puberty and with induced puberty. Although those girls with spontaneous puberty were shorter than those with induced puberty, when midparental height was taken into consideration, starting heights in both groups averaged -2.8 SDS. Both groups received approximately 0.3mg/kg/week of GH. Girls with spontaneous puberty initiated puberty and reached near adult height earlier than girls with induced puberty (12.6±1.8years vs 13.4±1.4years and 16.0±1.3years vs 16.9±1.4years, respectively). Although girls with spontaneous puberty grew more in the first year of GH therapy and between the onset of puberty and near adult height (11.0cm vs 9.3cm), height SDS at near adult height and the length of time in puberty before reaching near adult height were comparable. A 45,X karyotype was detected in 22.1% of girls with spontaneous puberty and in 58.4% of girls with induced puberty. Patients receiving transdermal estrogens did not grow better than those on oral estrogens. Adverse event reporting was comparable between groups. Girls with Turner syndrome with spontaneous puberty tended to grow better in response to GH than girls with induced puberty, but not enough to produce a difference in height SDS at near adult height.