Abstract
Pesticides have been used extensively in the field of plant protection to maximize crop yields. However, the long-term, unmanaged application of pesticides has posed severe challenges such as pesticide resistance, environmental contamination, risk in human health, soil degradation, and other important global issues. Recently, the combination of nanotechnology with plant protection strategies has offered new perspectives to mitigate these global issues, which has promoted a rapid development of NCs-based pesticides. Unlike certain conventional pesticides that have been applied inefficiently and lacked targeted control, pesticides delivered by nanocarriers (NCs) have optimized formulations, controlled release rate, and minimized or site-specific application. They are receiving increasing attention and are considered as an important part in sustainable and smart agriculture. This review discussed the limitation of traditional pesticides or conventional application mode, focused on the sustainable features of NCs-based pesticides such as improved formulation, enhanced stability under harsh condition, and controlled release/degradation. The perspectives of NCs-based pesticides and their risk assessment were also suggested in this view for a better use of NCs-based pesticides to facilitate sustainable, smart agriculture in the future.
Highlights
IntroductionTo feed nearly 10 billion people by 2050, food production would need to increase at least 50% from the 2012 level [1]
D glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine that can be both biodegradable and commercialized production through a deacetylation of natural components of insect cuticle [34]. With both high delivery efficiency and non-toxicity, chitosan has been extensively studied in delivery systems and might be one of the most promising NCs to be applied in sustained agriculture [35]
It is increasing clear that the smart nanodegreater control efficacy and fewer side effects
Summary
To feed nearly 10 billion people by 2050, food production would need to increase at least 50% from the 2012 level [1]. The corresponding farming measures of watering, ing, fertilizing or protection are taken automatically by smart pre-programmed machinery fertilizing or protection are taken automatically by smart pre-programmed machinery systems. This intelligent mode faming calls a development smart pesticides that systems.
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