NBO, NMR, UV, FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra and molecular structure (monomeric and dimeric structures) investigation of 4-Chloro-3,5-Xylenol: A combined experimental and theoretical study

Abstract

In this work, a joint experimental (FTIR and FT-Raman) and theoretical (DFT and ab initio) study on the structure and the vibrations of 4-Chloro-3,5-Xylenol (CXL) are compared and analyzed. CXL is a chlorinated phenolic antiseptic which is a bactericide against most gram-positive bacteria. The first hyperpolarizability (β0) of this novel molecular system and related non-linear properties of CXL are calculated using HF/6-311++G(d,p) method on the finite-field approach. The energy and oscillator strength calculated using absorption spectra (UV–Vis spectrum), this spectral analysis confirms the charge transfer of the molecule. The theoretical 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by Gauge Including Atomic Orbital (GIAO) method, to analyze the molecular environment as well as the delocalization activities of electron clouds. The directly calculated ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electronegativity (χ), chemical hardness (η), first electron excitation energy (τ) and electrophilicity index (ω) as well as local reactivity (S) analyzed using HOMO and LUMO energies; the energy band gap are also determined. NBO analysis shows that charge in electron density(ED) in the σ* and π* antibonding orbitals and E(2) energies confirms the occurrence of ICT (Intramolecular Charge Transfer) within the molecule. Inter molecular hydrogen bonds exist between –OH group, give the evidence for the formation of dimer entities in the title molecule. The influences of chlorine atom, hydroxyl group and methyl group on the geometry of benzene and its normal modes of vibrations (monomer and dimer of CXL) have also been discussed. Finally the calculated results were applied to simulate Infrared and Raman spectra of the title molecule which show good agreement with observed spectra.