Abstract
Superconducting radio frequency niobium cavities are the building blocks of modern accelerators for scientific applications. Lower surface resistance, higher fields, and high operating temperatures advance the reach of the future accelerators for scientific discovery as well as potentially enabling cost-effective industrial solutions. We describe the design and performance of an Nb3Sn coating system that converts the inner surface of niobium cavities to an Nb3Sn film. The niobium surface, heated by radiation from the niobium retort, is exposed to Sn and SnCl2 vapor during the heat cycle, which results in about 2 μm Nb3Sn film on the niobium surface. Film composition and structure as well as radio frequency properties with 1-cell R&D cavities and 5-cell practical accelerator cavities are presented.
Highlights
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are building blocks of modern particle accelerators
We describe the design and performance of an Nb3Sn coating system that converts the inner surface of niobium cavities to an Nb3Sn film
While the work to improve the niobium surface, which is the superconductor of choice so far, continues, interest is growing toward superconductors with a higher critical temperature
Summary
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are building blocks of modern particle accelerators. Various techniques have been developed to grow the Nb3Sn superconductor. The process is attributed to Saur and Wurm and comprises exposure of the niobium surface to tin vapors at temperature above about 900 ○C. This process has been and is being typically used to grow several μm-thick Nb3Sn layers on the inside of niobium SRF cavities.. This process has been and is being typically used to grow several μm-thick Nb3Sn layers on the inside of niobium SRF cavities.13–17 This contribution describes the developed Nb3Sn-coating system and coating process for coating R&D as well as accelerator SRF cavities This process has been and is being typically used to grow several μm-thick Nb3Sn layers on the inside of niobium SRF cavities. This contribution describes the developed Nb3Sn-coating system and coating process for coating R&D as well as accelerator SRF cavities
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