Abstract
Renewable sources like solar and wind energy have seen a drastic increase in the market, especially in developing countries where electricity prices are high and QoS and QoE, both are at their lowest. In this paper, we innovate by proposing a paradigm of smart off-grid from sensing using an Internet of Things (IoT) based smart meter for continuous monitoring, to reporting a daily user on their smart devices using IoT middleware. Our proposed smart off-grid system keeps track of the performance and faults of the off-grid equipment. Under communication technology scrutiny, we model 3GPP Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) collision and success probability of grouping smart meter communications to avoid random access channel (RACH) congestion. The proposed smart off-grid communications outperform existing systems and achieve 1.3 to 20 times higher SINR, more than 30 Mbps data rate in 4G, three times higher data rate in NB-IoT, 25% fewer collisions and 25% higher success rate.
Highlights
Low cost and reliable energy sources have always been and will always be a major part of human interest
We propose smart meter based smart off-grid monitoring of RES using a number of sensors like moisture, light, motion, humidity, production, etc. and Internet of Things (IoT) middleware services/ servers
Study of exhaustive literature is discussed, providing useful insights on what has been achieved and things that are lacking in earlier smart off-grid systems and 4G LTE random access channel (RACH) solutions
Summary
Low cost and reliable energy sources have always been and will always be a major part of human interest. Cheaper and manageable energy solutions attract more and more small-scale investors, suppliers and distributors, challenging the monopoly of traditional government electrical grids [1]. These off-grid systems produce energy and reduce transmission losses and cost of production, distribution, and maintenance [2]. The major goal is to reduce power consumption and dependency of cellular relay stations from traditional grids, the work is related to our proposed aggregation scheme for cellular network relays. We propose smart meter based smart off-grid monitoring of RES using a number of sensors like moisture, light, motion, humidity, production, etc.
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