Abstract
The development of autonomous ships has begun. Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to be partially responsible for navigation; nevertheless, the importance of human intervention is higher than ever. Human intervention in the control of an autonomous ship via the remote operator requires navigation proficiency. The education method for the remote operators that is presently considered is simulation training. However, the simulation training does not take long enough time for enabling trainees to develop their navigation proficiency equivalent to that of conventional ships navigators. In addition, the simulation training should contain various navigation scenarios to train the trainee properly. Therefore, this paper suggests the methods to generate the massive and practical navigation scenarios by extracting navigation elements’ distribution from actual ship trajectory data and applying them to the permutation of navigation elements. The results demonstrated the advantages of the proposed methods by comparing the sample navigation scenario and an example of an impractical navigation scenario. In conclusion, it is expected that the massive generation of practical navigation scenarios using the proposed permutation model will positively affect the simulation training of the maritime autonomous surface ship remote operators.
Highlights
IntroductionConcerns about the reliability of navigation safety and legal issues [2] have resulted the application of shore remote control systems in the degree of autonomy levels 2 and 3
The coexistence of autonomous and conventional ships invokes questions about the safety of autonomous ships when operating in the same areas as conventional ships [1].Concerns about the reliability of navigation safety and legal issues [2] have resulted the application of shore remote control systems in the degree of autonomy levels 2 and 3
The result obtained by the proposed method using the selected navigation elements is described
Summary
Concerns about the reliability of navigation safety and legal issues [2] have resulted the application of shore remote control systems in the degree of autonomy levels 2 and 3. The training of remote operators is recommended to be conducted in the simulation [3] due to the similar aspects between the simulation and the remote controlling. Remote controlling includes rapid assessment of a ship’s situation and making effective decisions regardless of the ship’s location [4]. The training of remote operators should be compact and effective for trainees to obtain navigation proficiency within a relatively short period of training time. Massive situational education is required for the training of the remote operator. The simulation training has to reflect real-life situations for a better content of training [5] and effectiveness
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