Navigating the Hepatic Hurdles of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition

Abstract

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer therapy, offering promising outcomes in various malignancies. However, the use of these agents is associated with a spectrum of immunerelated adverse events (irAEs), including liver complications commonly referred to as ICI-induced hepatitis. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management strategies for ICI-induced hepatitis. We also discuss the histopathological features that distinguish this condition from other liver diseases like autoimmune hepatitis. Additionally, the article explores existing guidelines and recommendations for managing ICI-induced hepatitis. As the application of ICIs continues to expand, understanding the nuances of associated hepatic complications becomes increasingly critical for clinicians involved in cancer care. Therefore, this review serves as a timely resource for oncologists, gastroenterologists, and other healthcare professionals engaged in the management of patients undergoing ICI therapy