Abstract
Borderline cases in orthodontics present unique challenges to orthodontists, as they often require tailored treatment approaches to achieve optimal outcomes. Firstly, borderline cases encompass a spectrum of orthodontic issues, including mild to moderate malocclusions, skeletal discrepancies, and asymmetries. Treatment planning for these cases involves a complete assessment of the patient's skeletal and dental characteristics, as well as individual treatment goals and preferences. Orthodontists must employ a combination of traditional fixed appliances, such as braces or clear aligners, and adjunctive techniques such as functional appliances, temporary anchorage devices (TADs), or orthognathic surgery when indicated.
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