Navigating the depths of seafood authentication: Technologies, regulations, and future prospects

Abstract

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the current advancements and challenges in seafood traceability and authentication, emphasizing its ecological significance in the context of global marine ecosystems. The study extensively explores various methodologies employed in seafood traceability, including isotope and chemical fingerprinting, DNA identification, smart sensors, digital technologies, and blockchain. Each method's efficacy in determining seafood provenance and authenticity is critically examined, highlighting their roles in mitigating issues like mislabeling and illegal fishing. The review also delves into the complex regulatory frameworks and global standards shaping the industry, underscoring the importance of international collaboration in standardizing practices and ensuring compliance. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges in policy implementation, particularly the disparities in technological infrastructure and the harmonization of diverse legal systems. The role of eco-labels and certification programs in promoting sustainable and ethical practices is also discussed. By integrating a wide spectrum of technologies and policies, this review not only sheds light on the current state of seafood traceability but also identifies key areas requiring further research and development. The findings underscore the critical need for more integrated and advanced approaches in seafood traceability to enhance the sustainability of marine resources and ensure the long-term viability of the seafood industry.