Abstract
In this work, nanostructured LiMn2O4 (LMO) and LiMn2O3.99S0.01 (LMOS1) spinel cathode materials were comprehensively investigated in terms of electrochemical properties. For this purpose, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements as a function of state of charge (SOC) were conducted on a representative charge and discharge cycle. The changes in the electrochemical performance of the stoichiometric and sulphur-substituted lithium manganese oxide spinels were examined, and suggested explanations for the observed dependencies were given. A strong influence of sulphur introduction into the spinel structure on the chemical stability and electrochemical characteristic was observed. It was demonstrated that the significant improvement in coulombic efficiency and capacity retention of lithium cell with LMOS1 active material arises from a more stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Based on EIS studies, the Li ion diffusion coefficients in the cathodes were estimated, and the influence of sulphur on Li+ diffusivity in the spinel structure was established. The obtained results support the assumption that sulphur substitution is an effective way to promote chemical stability and the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 cathode material.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most prevalent power supplies for many portable electronic devices, owing to their low weight, high energy, and power density
We revealed that sulphur substitution in the oxygen sublattice of lithium manganese oxide spinel can be successfully implemented to promote its structural stability and electrochemical characteristic [27]
Performed analysis revealed that the introduction of sulphur into the oxygen sublattice of spinel structure stabilizes the surface of the active material in relation to the reactivity with electrolyte compounds
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most prevalent power supplies for many portable electronic devices, owing to their low weight, high energy, and power density. Lithium-manganese oxide spinel (LiMn2 O4 , LMO) is regarded as a favourable cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. It has many advantages, such as the high abundance of manganese resources, low cost, environmental friendliness, high thermal stability, good safety features, and competitive theoretical capacity (about 148 mAh g−1 ) compared to layered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2 , LCO), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2 , LNO), and their derivatives [6,7,8,9].
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