Nature of Black Holes and Space-Time around Them

Amir Ali Tavajoh

doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2017.31013

Abstract

Based on the Mach’s principle, black holes warp the space time in a way that geodesic for every object which is moving toward black hole starts to bend and object starts to rotate around the black hole. Even light cannot be able to escape from the strong gravitational field of black hole and all the light like paths will warp so as to fall farther to the hole. Before arriving to the Schwarzschild’s Sphere, object faces with length extension because of the difference between amount of tidal forces on the nearest and furthest points of object that take the object apart and after passing the Schwarzschild’s sphere, based on the Special relativity of Einstein, the parts of object face with length contraction. In comparison between strange stars and black holes we conclude that core of strange stars has a temperature and pressure not sufficient for up and down quarks and they turn into strange ones. However, in core of black holes, because of massive stars and hot gases falling into it, they are always in a high temperature and pressure. So they can be made up of up and down quarks. At the Ergo sphere Region of black hole, a particle that gets into it will divide into 2 pieces, one of them falls into the black hole and another gets out of the Schwarzschild sphere very fast and it’s called the black hole radiation. According to the Diagram drawn by R. Rafini and J. Weeler, an object gets out of white hole in past space-time, it can be able to send signals to us and we can receive it but black hole which is located in future space-time, after object enters to the Schwarzschild’s Sphere, the signals it sends won’t be received. In order to reach the third space-time which is like a mirror to our universe, our speed needs to exceed the speed of light to pass the Einstein-Rosen Bridge. As a conclusion, structure of black holes can be made up of up and down quarks and everything falls into the black hole, collapses and turns into a bunch of quarks. Space-time around black holes, based on Rafini-Weeler diagram, is like a frontier between our space-time and other space-times. So it can be possible to reach past space-time and other space-times.

Highlights

Have you ever noticed when water swirl around the drain? In 1783, John Michell, rector and leading scientist in the village of Thornhill, suggested that surface of gravity of some stars could be so strong that even light cannot be able to escape from them.In 1915, Albert Einstein pointed out that gravity is a warp in space time caused by matter on general relativity.The more massive an object, the greater it warps the space around it
Based on the Mach’s principle, black holes warp the space time in a way that geodesic for every object which is moving toward black hole starts to bend and object starts to rotate around the black hole
The more massive a star, the more it warps the space time and curves geodesic of an object falling into it if and only if the mass of the object coming toward it is less than the star’s mass. (Geodesic is the shortest distance between two points in space which is not always a straight line and if the two points are located in gravitational fields it will be a curve rather than a straight line) [5]

Summary

Introduction

Have you ever noticed when water swirl around the drain? In 1783, John Michell, rector and leading scientist in the village of Thornhill, suggested that surface of gravity of some stars could be so strong that even light cannot be able to escape from them. In 1963, Roy Kerr showed that massive stars will drag the space time around them like the water swirling around the drain. His equations were just specified for black holes. In 1963, Maurten Schmidt discovers an odd star-like point of light which we call them “Quasar” This discovery was leaded to the realization that all the quasars are powered by super massive black holes. The reason why strange quarks are fundamentals of quark star’s core rather than up and down quarks which are fundamentals of neutrons is that up and down quarks require ultra-high pressure and temperature which a neutron star cannot provide that much high level of temperature and pressure so they can be strange quarks [2] [3]. Possible structure of black holes and comparison between black holes and quark stars, will be discussed in this paper

How Stars Turn into Black Hole

Types and Structure of Black Holes

Types of Black Holes

Space-Time around Black Holes

Conclusions