Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural material produced by Acetobacter xylinum, widely used in wound dressings due to the high water-holding capacity and great mechanical strength. In this paper, a novel antimicrobial dressing made from BC/methylglyoxal (MGO) composite with a dip-coating method inspired by naturally antimicrobial Manuka honey is proposed, which to our best knowledge, has not yet to be reported. Characterizations by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy show the interconnected nanostructure of BC and MGO and increase surface roughness of the BC/MGO composite. Thermal analysis indicates high temperature stability of both BC and BC/MGO, while compared with BC, BC/MGO exhibits slightly weaker thermal stability possibly due to reduction of hydrogen bonding and increase of crystallinity. Mechanical test confirms the strong mechanical property of BC and BC/MGO nanocomposite. From the disk diffusion antimicrobial test, the BC/MGO nanocomposite with highest MGO concentration (4%) shows great zone inhibition diameter (around 14.3, 12.3, 17.1, and 15.5mm against Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli). Compared with other antimicrobial wound dressing composite materials, the proposed BC/MGO nanocomposite has among the greatest antimicrobial property against broad-spectrum bacteria, making it a promising antimicrobial dressing in chronic wounds care.
Highlights
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of MGO/BC confirmed the presence of nanometer fibrils (≈60–200 nm in diameter) and 3D interconnected structure (Figure 2b), which is in good agreement with the structural characteristics of plain BC (Figure 2a)
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of C─O─C at 980 cm−1, C─H bending at 1088 cm−1,[38] C─O stretching, and OH stretching at peaks of 1058.75 and 3351.75 cm−1, indicating the chemical structure of the plain BC.[39]
We proposed an ecofriendly, nature-inspired, and cost-effective nanocomposite for chronic wounds dressing, made by antimicrobial BC/MGO nanocomposite via a simple dip-coating method
Summary
Photos of pristine BC membrane and BC/MGO composite (Figure 2c–f) indicated that both untreated plain BC and BC/ MGO membranes are soft and translucent, while BC/MGO with a higher MGO content showed more yellowish. This may be attributed to the weaker hydrogen bonding and decreased crystallinity when an increasing MGO content was introduced
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