Nature and number of complications and risk factors for pressure ulcers after traumatic spinal cord injury: how specialized are we?

Abstract

analysis coupled with constant comparison. The end result of the analysis was concepts, sub-categories and categories. Results: Readjustment after TSCI was epitomised as ‘dealing with the new self’, which was conceptualized (subcategories) as acknowledging and having an understanding of the life-changing event, managing the loss of control over one’s life, and proceed with life. The description of the journey to survivors’ attained participation (self-perceived) was highlighted by two categories, namely, ‘a journey dominated by obstacles (barriers)’ and ‘the catalysts of participation (peer support as facilitator)’. Both internal factors, the health condition that caused impairments and limitations, and external factors related to the physical environment, negative attitudes, and public services, systems and policies posed considerable challenges to survivors that endeavored to participate and include themselves. Peer-support was generally experienced as the mediator between exclusion, due to barriers, and integration, mainly because of information-sharing and networking and finding confidence in the success stories of peers. This process of negotiating barriers and seeking strategies to participate and re-integrate into society demonstrated agency. Conclusion(s): Participation after a TSCI involves understanding of the new self, the negotiation of barriers caused by personal factors and external factors created by the environment – which is conducive for able-bodied people. The peer support role and function in society seemed favorable and should be further explored. Implications: Each context present with unique barriers and opportunities to negotiate such hindrances. The environmental barriers and the peer support role should be taken into account by policymakers.