Abstract
Self-assembly has the advantage of fabricating structures of complex functionalities, from molecular levels to as big as macroscopic levels. Natural self-assembly involves self-aggregation of one or more materials (organic and/or inorganic) into desired structures while templated self-assembly involves interstitial space filling of diverse nature entities into self-assembled ordered/disordered templates (both from molecular to macro levels). These artificial and engineered new-generation materials offer many advantages over their individual counterparts. This paper reviews and explores the advantages of such naturally self-assembled hybrid molecular level systems and template-assisted macro-/microstructures targeting simple and low-cost device-oriented fabrication techniques, structural flexibility, and a wide range of photonic applications.
Highlights
Fabrication of nano/mesa photonic architectures from topdown technology involve precise growth techniques like molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and involve patterning techniques such as photolithography, particle beam lithography, scanning probe lithography, and nanoimprint lithography
Is one of the most important “molecular engineering” strategies used in fabricating complex functional structures, from micro to the molecular levels, utilising the advantage of self-interaction of molecules
Molecular self-assembly is a strategy for nanofabrication that involves designer molecules and supramolecular entities so that molecules naturally aggregate into specific desired structures [1, 2]
Summary
Fabrication of nano/mesa photonic architectures from topdown technology involve precise growth techniques like molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and involve patterning techniques such as photolithography, particle beam lithography, scanning probe lithography, and nanoimprint lithography. Mono dispersed mesa sized spherical colloids are self-assembled to form three-dimensionaly periodic lattices and are famously known as synthetic opals (3D photonic crystals) [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] Another relatively easy and cost-effective methodology to produce nano to wavelength-scaled photonic structures with longrange order is through self-organized systems, which can be used to create periodic patterns, followed by material filling into the interstitial spaces through techniques like electrochemical deposition. For large-scale production, the selfassembly and template assisted self-assembly techniques are better alternatives to top-down technology
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