Abstract

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), recognized in 2006 as a global health priority by the United Nations, is increasing worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation, approximately 190 million people are affected by T2D worldwide, a number expected to nearly double in the coming 20 y. Traditionally an age-related disease, there is today an alarming increased prevalence of T2D in adolescent subjects, which calls urgently for preventive measures. T2D is diagnosed by the presence of elevated blood glucose concentrations, as measured by elevated fasting plasma glucose, 2-h postload glucose, and HbA1c levels.

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