Abstract
Naturally-derived proteins or peptides are promising biopolymers for tissue engineering applications owing to their health-promoting activity. Herein, we extracted proteins (~90%) from two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) and evaluated their osteoinductive potential in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) under in vitro conditions. The extracted protein isolate was analyzed for the amino acid composition and the mass distribution of the constituent peptide fraction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the presence of biologically significant functional groups. The cricket protein isolate (CPI) exhibited characteristic protein peaks in the FTIR spectrum. Notably, an enhanced cell viability was observed in the presence of the extracted proteins, showing their biocompatibility. The CPI also exhibited antioxidant properties in a concentration-dependent manner. More significant mineralization was observed in the CPI-treated cells than in the control, suggesting their osteoinductive potential. The upregulation of the osteogenic marker genes (Runx2, ALP, OCN, and BSP) in CPI treated media compared with the control supports their osteoinductive nature. Therefore, cricket-derived protein isolates could be used as functional protein isolate for tissue engineering applications, especially for bone regeneration.
Highlights
Millions of patients suffer from bone-related disorders globally, including osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, which require bone replacement, and surgical interventions [1]
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the cricket protein isolate (CPI) on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) under in vitro conditions for its potential clinical applications
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), and antibiotics were purchased from Welgene Inc., Republic of Korea
Summary
Millions of patients suffer from bone-related disorders globally, including osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, which require bone replacement, and surgical interventions [1]. Autologous and allograft bone replacement techniques are useful clinical procedures for orthopedic treatment; bone tissue engineering is an emerging alternative to the existing medical procedures [2]. Protein biomaterials for improved antioxidant and stem cell differentiation
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