Abstract
Extensive energy consumption in construction and ventilation has caused numerous environmental problems alongside huge waste of nonrenewable natural resources in today’s world. Meanwhile, vernacular architecture has been able to sustainably adapt to climate by developing creative and local solutions which provide a comfortable living environment, consume less energy and cause less pollution than the new ways of construction, one of which is wind induced ventilation. Vernacular architecture of Sistan (southeast of Iran) is not an exception to this rule. It utilizes its own set of unique elements and techniques that are compatible with region’s climate. This original article studies wind induced ventilation and its elements in Sistan’s architecture, including: (1) roofs (Sistani, Filpush and Barrel); (2) ventilator openings (Kolak, Surak and Dariche); and (3) walls. Then, this paper continues to classify three different compound room types in Sistan’s architecture, based on orientation and use of mentioned elements by documenting thirty-two sample houses across the region: (1) stretched against the prevailing winds; (2) stretched aligned with the winds; and (3) L shaped. CFD simulations are used to study the wind behavior and evaluate the ventilation performance of these room-types. These simulations lead to guidelines to enhance the ventilation performance of existing buildings and future constructions, including: where to put the windows, which orientation maximizes the natural ventilation performance, where to consider precautions to block the undesirable winds from entering and how far from each other should different room types be built.
Highlights
One of the main concerns in the contemporary world is to reach an equilibrium equation between man and environment [1]
There are no comprehensive studies available about natural wind induced ventilation in Sistan vernacular architecture based on Computational wind Engineering (CWE), applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to reach concrete data
This paper seeks to identify different types of Khoná as the generative single cell of vernacular architecture in Sistan according to their natural wind induced ventilation performance, study the wind’s behavior in each room type and propose practical solutions for future constructions
Summary
One of the main concerns in the contemporary world is to reach an equilibrium equation between man and environment [1] The gap between these two has exacerbated drastically in the recent century due to the extensive constructions across the globe. A vernacular building refers to a building built by local people using traditional technologies from locally available materials matching the environmental context to accommodate domestic ways of life [7] This kind of building and architecture is able to achieve three key themes of self-sustainability which are as follows [8]: 1. Native masons of Sistan have come up with innovative solutions and elements in response to these factors to reduce the energy consumption, utilize natural ventilation, provide a comfortable setting and shape a sustainable method of construction [15]. This paper seeks to detect and categorize these elements and solutions through a comprehensive field study on rural houses across Sistan; and categorize different types of compound rooms and decide the best scheme for future constructions in the region using simulation/analysis studies of wind flow in different room types that are recognized in the field studies
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