Abstract
Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study explores the effect of a different number of awning windows and their installation locations on the airflow patterns and air contaminant distributions in restrooms in K-12 (for kindergarten to 12th grade) public schools in Taiwan. A representative restroom configuration with dimensions of 10.65 m × 9.2 m × 3.2 m (height) was selected as the investigated object. Based on the façade design feasibility, seven possible awning window configurations were considered. The results indicate that an adequate number of windows and appropriate installation locations are required to ensure the natural ventilation effectiveness of awning windows. The recommended installation configuration is provided.
Highlights
In Taiwan, restrooms in K-12 public schools (kindergarten (K) and the 1st through the 12th grade (1-12)) are frequently accessed and are open to the public, which hinders their management.In particular, restrooms that have been in service for more than 20 years often exhibit problems, such as poor ventilation, inadequate lighting, outdated layouts and designs and limited toilet spaces
Investigating the ventilation of an entire bathroom and restroom, Tung et al [1] analyzed a new negative pressure wall-exhaust ventilation system installed in a residential bathroom and restroom using a full-scale test
The test results indicated that the restroom ventilation system could take advantage of a negative pressure difference to prevent the escape of restroom malodor to an adjacent room
Summary
In Taiwan, restrooms in K-12 public schools (kindergarten (K) and the 1st through the 12th grade (1-12)) are frequently accessed and are open to the public, which hinders their management. Malodor at the source was directly sucked out to reduce the escape of malodor into the restroom The effectiveness of this ventilation system was validated via testing and CFD simulation. Comprehensive reviews on natural ventilation studies, including effects of building façade and ventilation opening, ventilation shaft design, shape of louvered windows, apertures and vernacular element, the representative air change rates, applications in multi-story buildings, the effect of thermal energy storage on night ventilation efficiency, night ventilation effectiveness and design, etc., are found in the literature [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. The effect of the installation quantity, position and opening angle of awning windows on the flow pattern and air pollutant (NH3 ) distribution in restrooms with various wind speeds and directions are analyzed via CFD
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